Impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status over time on the long-term survival of adolescent and young adult hodgkin lymphoma survivors

Abstract

Background: Although there are growing numbers of adolescent and young adult (AYA) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors, long-term overall survival (OS) patterns and disparities in this population are underreported. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of race/ ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), rurality, diagnosis age, sex, and HL stage over time on long-term survival in AYA HL survivors. Methods: The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to identify survivors of HL diagnosed as AYAs (ages 15-39 years) between the years 1980 and 2009 and who were alive 5 years after diagnosis. An accelerated failure time model was used to estimate survival over time and compare survival between groups. Results: There were 15, 899 5-year survivors of AYA HL identified, with amedian follow-up of 14.4 years and range up to 33.9 years from diagnosis. Non-Hispanic black survivors had inferior survival compared with non-Hispanic white survivors [survival time ratio (STR): 0.71, P = 0.002]. Male survivors, older age at diagnosis, those diagnosed at higher stages, and those living in areas of higher SES deprivation had unfavorable long-term survival. There was no evidence of racial or sex-based survival disparities changing over time. Conclusions: Racial, SES, and sex-based disparities persist well into survivorship among AYA HL survivors. Impact: Disparities in long-term survival among AYA HL survivors show no evidence of improving over time. Studies investigating specific factors associated with survival disparities are needed to identify opportunities for intervention.