Radiation protection in dentistry: a systematic review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and clinical recommendations

Abstract

Background: Dental radiology is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment. However, exposure to ionizing radiation, even at low doses, can induce health risks, particularly with cumulative exposure. This systematic review aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dentists and staff regarding radiation protection in order to improve safety. Main body: This systematic review searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Nature, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2000 and 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Out of 1505 studies screened, 19 studies involving 6439 participants were included in the final analysis. 42% of the studies reported adequate knowledge levels in radiation protection, with scores ranging from 54.65 to 81.92%. Significant variability was observed in dentists' knowledge (6–73%) compared to dental students (24.4–81.92%). The proportion of participants exhibiting a positive attitude towards radiation protection measures varied between 16.8% and 84.8%. Effective practices in radiation protection demonstrated significant diversity, with scores ranging from 19.8 to 64%. Key recommendations include enhancing initial training (8 studies), implementing continuous education (14 studies), raising awareness (7 studies) and mandating regular recertification (3 studies) for optimal radiation protection practices. Conclusion: The systematic review identified significant gaps in the radiation protection KAP among dentists and dental staff. To promote more consistent and safe practices, it is essential to enhance training and awareness, as well as to standardize radiation protection protocols. Targeted educational interventions and harmonized safety guidelines are necessary to improve the radiation protection culture in the dental field and minimize potential risks to patients and practitioners.