Precision Agriculture: A Review of AI Vision and Machine Learning in Soil, Water, and Conservation Practice

Abstract

Abstract: Precision Agriculture (PA) is a modern farming management system which can help access and get maximum return from advanced technology advantages. The present conceptual review concentrates on three main sectors such as soil health monitoring, water management, and conservation practices to highlight the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) vision and machine learning (ML). However, several achievements are pioneering AI agriculture today, including soil quality check using AI, irrigation forecasting, conservation modelling using ML, and many more. The review finds certain progress in key areas of sustainable global food systems and suggests a practical future through improvement in resource efficiency, but notes also challenges including data standardization, technology accessibility and interdisciplinary research. The paper finally presents future research directions to overcome the challenges and advance the acceptance of AI and ML in precision agriculture.