Library of sequence-specific radioimmunoassays for human chromogranin A

Abstract

Background. Human chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic protein widely expressed in neuroendocrine tissue and tumors. The extensive tissue- and tumor-specific cleavages of CgA at basic cleavage sites produce multiple peptides. Methods: We have developed a library of RIAs specific for different epitopes, including the NH2 and COOH termini and three sequences adjacent to dibasic sites in the remaining part of CgA. Results: The antisera raised against CGA(210-222) and CGA(340-348) required a free NH2 terminus for binding. All antisera displayed high titers, high indexes of heterogeneity (~1.0), and high binding affinities (K(eff)/0 ~ 0.1 X 1012 to 1.0 X 1012 L/mol), implying that the RIAs were monospecific and sensitive. The concentration of CgA in different tissues varied with the assay used. Hence, in a carcinoid tumor the concentration varied from 0.5 to 34.0 nmol/g tissue depending on the specificity of the CgA assay. The lowest concentration in all tumors was measured with the assay specific for the NH2 terminus of CgA. This is consistent with the relatively low concentrations measured in plasma from carcinoid tumor patients by the N-terminal assay, whereas the assays using antisera raised against CGA(210-222) and CGA(340-348) measured increased concentrations. Conclusion: Only some CgA assays appear useful for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors, but the entire library is valuable for studies of the expression and processing of human CgA.