Three dimensional mhd hybrid nanofluid flow with rotating stretching/shrinking sheet and joule heating

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluid has a decent number of practical real-word applications. Previous studies found hybrid nanofluid possesses better heat transfer efficiency compared to nanofluid with single type of nanoparticle. However, the characteristics of boundary layer flow and heat transfer rate involving hybrid nanofluid could be further explored under higher-dimensional space with other physical assumptions surround the fluid flow. The main focus of the current study is to examine the three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow with rotating stretching/shrinking sheet under the influence of magnetic field and Joule heating using Tiwari-Das model. In addition, the influence of suction and stretching/ shrinking sheet on the variations of reduced skin friction, g′(0), and reduced heat transfer are studied as well. The fluid flow and heat transfer problem presented in this study is governed by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which is then transformed into the corresponding system of high order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables. The resulting system of higher order nonlinear ODEs is solved numerically using a boundary value solver known as bvp4c, which operates on the MATLAB computational platform. Results revealed that velocity profile of the hybrid nanofluid increases alongside with the value of magnetic parameter, but declination was observed in the profile of g(η) and temperature for dual solutions, as the value of copper (Cu) nanoparticles volume fraction increases. Furthermore, an increment in the value of the Eckert number causes the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid to rise as well for both dual solutions. In summary, dual solutions exist for shrinking sheet while unique solution is observed for stretching sheet with various values of Cu nanoparticles volume fraction and magnetic parameter. Dual solutions also exist for the value of the suction parameter greater than its critical point with various values of Cu nanoparticles volume fraction.