Verifying the feasibility of implementing semantic interoperability in different countries based on the OpenEHR approach: Comparative study of acute coronary syndrome registries

Abstract

Background: The semantic interoperability of health care information has been a critical challenge in medical informatics andhas influenced the integration, sharing, analysis, and use of medical big data. International standard organizations have developedstandards, approaches, and models to improve and implement semantic interoperability. The openEHR approach-one of thestandout semantic interoperability approaches-has been implemented worldwide to improve semantic interoperability based onreused archetypes.Objective: This study aimed to verify the feasibility of implementing semantic interoperability in different countries by comparingthe openEHR-based information models of 2 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registries from China and New Zealand.Methods: A semantic archetype comparison method was proposed to determine the semantics reuse degree of reused archetypesin 2 ACS-related clinical registries from 2 countries. This method involved (1) determining the scope of reused archetypes; (2)identifying corresponding data items within corresponding archetypes; (3) comparing the semantics of corresponding data items;and (4) calculating the number of mappings in corresponding data items and analyzing results.Results: Among the related archetypes in the two ACS-related, openEHR-based clinical registries from China and New Zealand,there were 8 pairs of reusable archetypes, which included 89 pairs of corresponding data items and 120 noncorresponding dataitems. Of the 89 corresponding data item pairs, 87 pairs (98%) were mappable and therefore supported semantic interoperability,and 71 pairs (80%) were labeled as "direct mapping" data items. Of the 120 noncorresponding data items, 114 (95%) data itemswere generated via archetype evolution, and 6 (5%) data items were generated via archetype localization.Conclusions: The results of the semantic comparison between the two ACS-related clinical registries prove the feasibility ofestablishing the semantic interoperability of health care data from different countries based on the openEHR approach. Archetypereuse provides data on the degree to which semantic interoperability exists when using the openEHR approach. Although theopenEHR community has effectively promoted archetype reuse and semantic interoperability by providing archetype modelingmethods, tools, model repositories, and archetype design patterns, the uncontrolled evolution of archetypes and inconsistentlocalization have resulted in major challenges for achieving higher levels of semantic interoperability.