Neglected and underutilized food plants: Prospects in the Near East and North Africa – a review

Abstract

This review aimed to clearly examine the role and future prospects of neglected and underutilized food plant species (NUSs) in enhancing food security, agricultural sustainability, and climate resilience in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. NUSs represent a diverse group of plant species with untapped potential to combat food insecurity, reduce poverty, and tackle climate change challenges. Despite their resilience and adaptability, these wild and semi-domesticated varieties remain overlooked by agricultural researchers, policymakers, and plant breeders, resulting in their underutilization. In arid and semiarid regions, particularly the NENA region, NUSs could transform agricultural systems by diversifying production, fostering sustainable livelihoods, and enhancing climate resilience. As key custodians of biodiversity, cultural heritage, and traditional knowledge, indigenous women play a crucial role in promoting these NUSs. This review synthesizes existing research on the multidimensional roles of NUSs in food and nutrition security, sustainability, and climate adaptation in the NENA region. It examines global examples of successful NUS integration, analyzes the historical and structural barriers to their adoption, and highlights policy and research directions, supporting their mainstream utilization. The findings highlight that leveraging neglected plant species can promote sustainability, resilience, and economic opportunities, contributing significantly to the achievement of sustainable development goals in the NENA region.