The role of breastfeeding in reducing the prevalence of neonatal jaundice: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Background and objectives. Neonatal jaundice, caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, can have varying effects depending on its severity and duration. While breastfeeding does not directly reduce bilirubin production, it plays a critical role in supporting liver function and enhancing bilirubin clearance. Aim. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding practices and the prevalence and severity of neonatal jaundice. Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published between 2015 and 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The review included original research articles, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and literature reviews that addressed breastfeeding and neonatal jaundice. A total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using narrative analysis due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes. Outcomes. Breastfeeding is an essential intervention to prevent and treat neonatal jaundice. This review emphasizes the significance of exclusive breastfeeding, frequent feeding practices, and timely initiation to lower the risk and severity of jaundice. Conclusions. Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in preventing and managing neonatal jaundice by enhancing bilirubin clearance and supporting liver function. Strengthening public health policies on breastfeeding education and support is essential to reducing jaundice-related complications. Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding should be prioritized to improve neonatal outcomes.