Breaking the p-type doping barrier in β-Ga2O3: a GaN-based heterojunction bipolar transistor with high gain, high breakdown, and RF capability

Abstract

Despite extensive research on unipolar β-Ga2O3 semiconductor devices, the advancement of bipolar devices, particularly heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), has been significantly hindered by the lack of reliable p-type doping in β-Ga2O3. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive simulation study of a functional HBT based on an n-type β-Ga2O3 emitter, a p-type GaN base, and an n-type GaN collector, aiming to address the critical challenge of p-type doping in β-Ga2O3 for bipolar devices. The proposed Ga2O3/GaN HBT, simulated with full consideration of traps, exhibits a maximum DC current gain (β DC) of 18.3, a high collector current density (J C) of 14.3 kA cm−2, a collector–base breakdown voltage (BVCBO) of 120 V, a power figure of merit (PFOM) of 41.3 MW cm−2, and a low specific on-resistance (R on,sp) of 0.35 mΩ cm2. The temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V) characteristics from 300 K to 460 K reveal stable operation up to 460 K, albeit with a 31.1% reduction in β DC and a 30.0% decline in PFOM due to carrier mobility degradation and enhanced recombination. Furthermore, device performance was optimized by engineering the base and collector thicknesses. The results indicate that a thin base (0.05 μm) maximizes β DC, while a thick collector (2.0 μm) boosts PFOM to 138 MW cm−2 without compromising gain. In addition, high-frequency simulations show a cutoff frequency (f T) of 30 GHz at 300 K, confirming the device's suitability for RF and power-switching applications. These results indicate that the Ga2O3/GaN HBT is a promising candidate for next-generation power electronics, owing to its unique combination of high breakdown voltage and excellent frequency performance.