Actividad física y control glucémico, complicaciones agudas, complicaciones microvasculares y factores de riesgo cardiovascular, en adultos con diabetes tipo 1

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and glycemic control, acute and chronic complications and CVRF in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Patients and methods: 415 adults with DM1 = 18 years were included. Patients were stratified according to the frequency of structured PA (0, 1 to 2 times/week and = 3 times/week). Results: There was a significant inverse association between PA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.04), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.008), frequency of obesity (p = 0.03), waist circumference (p = 0.04) and smoking (p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with the level of instruction. There was a percentage trend not statistically significant, especially in the group PA = 3 times vs. 0 times, in cholesterol linked to low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) = 100 mg/dL (61 vs. 51%), lower frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in the last year (5.5 vs. 8.3%), high blood pressure (HBP) (16.9 vs. 25.8%), microalbuminuria (9.8 vs. 19.8%), retinopathy (16.3 vs. 26.4%). Severe hypoglycemia (assistance required) did not differ in the PA groups (18.5 vs. 20.5%). The active subjects were younger than the inactive subjects (p < 0.001). Conclusions: PA was associated with better glycemic control and a lower frequency of comorbidities related to diabetes and CVRF, without an increase in severe hypoglycemia. Therefore, our data reaffirm the recommendation for people with DM1 to perform PA as often as possible.