Analysis of risk factors for residual stones and stone recurrence after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stone

Abstract

This study explores the risk factors for residual stones and stone recurrence after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), aiming to assist in clinical practice to improve the stone clearance rate, reduce the stone recurrence rate, and enhance the surgical outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 367 patients with ureteral stone who underwent ESWL from February 2022 to February 2025. Among them, 328 patients had complete data. General clinical data, stone characteristics, and follow-up data of the patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the risk factors for residual stones and stone recurrence after ESWL. In this study, the stone clearance rate after ESWL was 85.37% (280/328), and the stone recurrence rate within 3 months after the operation was 20.36% (57/280). Univariate logistic regression analysis found that body mass index (P = .048), stone size (P < .001), stone density (P = .020), and preoperative serum creatinine (P = .045) were risk factors for residual stones after ESWL. Gender (P = .038), coronary heart disease (CHD, P = .024), and stone density (P = .037) were risk factors for stone recurrence after ESWL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that stone size (P < .001), stone hardness (P = .036), and preoperative serum creatinine (P = .008) were independent risk factors for residual stones after ESWL. CHD (P = .046) and stone density (P = .046) were independent risk factors for stone recurrence after ESWL. ESWL for ureteral stone has a relatively high stone clearance rate and stone recurrence rate. body mass index, stone size, stone density, and preoperative serum creatinine are independent risk factors for residual stones after ESWL. CHD and stone density are independent risk factors for stone recurrence after ESWL.