Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Oral Health of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present a variety of oral disease that can be worsened by xerostomia and sialorrhea. The patients’ physical limitations, for example rigidity and tremor, add to the difficulty of oral care by the general dental surgeon. The objective of the present review was to organize a list of evidence-based recommendations for the oral care of patients with PD. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out by specialists who selected the relevant papers and created a list of recommendations based upon the literature. Results: Fourteen papers (data reported in 16 articles) were included in this review. Patients with PD had reduced quality of oral health and hygiene, and high prevalence of gingival recession, periodontal disease, dental calculus, tooth decay, tooth mobility and loss, drooling, xerostomia, dysphagia and temporomandibular disorders. Most studies offered class IV evidence, while one paper had class II evidence. Conclusion: Patients with PD present poor oral health with conditions that are mostly preventable.