Prognostic benefits of carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol controlled release/extended release in hemodialysis patients with heart failure: A 10-year cohort

Abstract

Background-Heart failure is a highly prevalent cardiovascular complication among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, but the benefits of carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol controlled release/extended release on the outcomes of these patients remain unclear. In this study, we address the use of these 3 b-blockers and their associations with mortality. Methods and Results-Long-term hemodialysis patients, aged ≥35 years, with new-onset heart failure and receiving various medications were identified through the use of 1999-2010 data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. From the total of 4435 heart failure patients, we selected 1700 new users of the 3 β-blockers (study group) and 1700 nonusers (control group), by using matched cohorts according to their propensity scores, and then compared the 5-year all-cause mortality rates by using Cox proportional hazard regressions and time-dependent covariate adjustment. During 3944 person-years of followup, 666 (39.2%) deaths occurred within the study group, compared with 918 (54%) deaths during 2893 person-years of follow-up in the control group. The 5-year mortality rate for the study (control) group was 54.5% (70.3%); P<0.001. Adjusted hazard regression analyses revealed that the therapeutic effects of b-blockers remained significant for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90). Subgroup analyses revealed that patients in the study group receiving β-blockers plus renin-angiotensin system antagonists exhibited the lowest mortality rate, while the highest mortality rate was found among patients in the control group receiving neither b-blockers nor renin-angiotensin system antagonists. Conclusions-This study demonstrates that the 3 b-blockers were associated with improved survival in long-term hemodialysis patients with heart failure. ( J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e002584 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002584)