bcn-1 element-dependent activation of the laminin γ1 chain gene by the cooperative action of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and Smad proteins

Abstract

Laminin is a major component of the extracellular matrix. The laminin γ1 chain is the least variant component of the laminin heterotrimeric assembly. The laminin γ1 chain gene (LAMC1) expression is induced by several factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). LAMC1 promoter contains a highly conserved transcriptional element, bcn-1. We screened cDNA libraries with the yeast one-hybrid system to identify transcriptional factors that are recognized by the bcn-1 motif. Using this strategy we isolated the basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLHzip) E-box-binding transcription factor, TFE3. Until now, the E-box was the only element known to recruit the bHLHzip transcription factors. Although the bcn-1 element only remotely resembles the E-box sequence, we show that TFE3 binds and activates the bcn-1 element. TFE3 cooperates with Smad proteins in the activation of the LAMC1 promoter in cells, an effect that is critically dependent not only on the bcn-1 element but also on one of the Smad-binding elements (SBE). The cooperative induction of the LAMC1 promoter and the endogenous LAMC1 gene by TFE3 and Smad3 is augmented by the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, the bcn-1 is a novel TFE3-dependent TGF-β target element that regulates LAMC1 gene expression.