Life stage development of Essigella californica (Aphidoidea: Lachnidae: Cinarinae)

Abstract

The Monterey pine aphid, Essigella californica Essig, is a recent incursion into Australia. Its sudden and rapid spread into commercial Pinus radiata D. Don plantations has caused concern to the forestry industry. Laboratory-based development studies showed that the apterous morph has three instars rather than the four typical of aphids. This difference was validated by an analysis of field-collected samples. The adaptive significance of this finding is discussed in relation to other aspects of this species' life history. © 2004 Entomological Society of America.