Joint I.L.O./W.H.O. Committee on Occupational Health--Fifth Report

Abstract

Although vast differences are noted between various developing countries and even between different industries in the same country, in most instances the available resources are grossly inadequate .and are badly used because of lack of planning and coordination. While the large industries have in some cases developed comprehensive medi cal services, the artisan workshops, which collectively represent the majority of industrial workers in most developing countries, lack any kind of organized service. Very few countries have social insurance schemes covering agricultural workers, and even government employees are often not covered by occupational health legislation. The report examines briefly some of the special problems of the developing countries in the field of occupational health and discusses the characteristics and functions of the services that should be provided. Special importance is attached to preemployment medical examinations, one of the most valuable screening procedures in these countries. Some general guidance is given on the organization of occupational health services, but it is stressed that each country must choose the method best suited to its resources and needs. An essential first step, therefore, is to make an inventory of available resources. Another important initial action is the enactment by the government of enabling legislation. Success in establishing occupational health services depends also on the active co-operation of the workers, the employers, and the national, regional, or local authorities concerned. To secure this, a well-organized information service is necessary and it is useful if workers' representatives participate in the management of the services.