Microbubble formation from ionic vacancies in copper anodic dissolution under a high magnetic field

Abstract

Ionic vacancies created in copper anodic dissolution has been firstly observed by the conversion to microbubbles using both of cyclotron effect and pinch effect under a vertical magnetic field; in a circulating solution induced by Lorentz force, ionic vacancies collide with each other, changing to nanobubbles. Then, the circulation of the nanobubbles with solution makes further collisions, yielding microbubbles. Based on this result, the lifetimes of ionic vacancy formed in copper electrodeposition were finally determined.