Spatiotemporal variations of earth tidal displacement over peninsular malaysia based on GPS observations

Abstract

Malaysia, which geographically located in the Sunda Plate, is exposed to various types of natural hazards such as land subsidence, landslides, and natural deformation phenomena. This study is conducted to investigate both the spatial and temporal variations of Earth tidal displacement over Peninsular Malaysia using a Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) GPS analysis. The continuous GPS observation over a 1-year period has been utilized to observe the diurnal, semi-diurnal, and long-term periods. The KPPP GPS solutions correlate well with prediction from the theoretical Earth tidal model that consists of both ocean tide loading and solid Earth body tide model with average positive correlation 0.9810 and average mean biased −1.2997 cm. Results have widened the understanding of Earth tidal variations in equatorial regions, thus beneficial for Earth tidal modeling and improving quality of space geodetic measurements.