Comparación de la Salud Oral de Embarazadas y Puérperas Hospitalizadas según uso de Programa de Salud Oral Integral de la Embarazada: Estudio Transversal

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss are considered the most frequent oral conditions in the adult population. This is not an exception during pregnancy, where efforts have been made in Chile to improve women’s oral health through the GES program initiative, developed in 2010. However, prevalence of these conditions is unknown for the Chilean pregnant and puerperal population. The aim of this study was to compare differences in the oral health condition of third trimester pregnant and puerperal women hospitalized in San Bernardo’s Parochial Hospital during 2015-2016 with regards to the use of the GES program. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of San Bernardo’s Parochial Hospital, where 321 hospitalized third trimester pregnant and puerperal women received a thorough oral examination with a selfadministered questionnaire collecting data on sociodemographics, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits. The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss were studied. Chi-square, Mann Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted using the Stata 14.0 software. Two hundred and ninety three patients agreed to participate, with a mean age of 26, and 236 (80.55 %) were GES program users. A C3 socio-economic and educational level of (42.3 %) and a completed high school level (37.8 %) were the most frequent. Pregnant and puerperal women using the GES program presented statistically lower (p = 0.0001) and a higher restoration records (p = 0.0089) in the COPD index. The evaluated patients had a high COPD index and a high prevalence of periodontal disease. Being a GES user had an OR of 0.33 p value <0.001 and a 95 % confidence interval of 0.18 - 0.61. The evaluated patients did not present differences in periodontal parameters studied, whereas GES patients had a C factor lower than non-GES patients, in the COPD. The GES program could be a caries protective factor for third trimester pregnant and puerperal women hospitalized in San Bernardo’s Parochial Hospital during2015-2016.