Exercise Prescription in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension has been increasing over the years, and is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Exercise is an effective method of lifestyle intervention, and it aims to lower blood pressure and control other risks. Studies have shown that different modes of exercise have varying effects on blood pressure, and individuals with prehypertension or hypertension need to carry out this intervention by using personalized modes of exercise. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of different modes of exercise regimens on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in individuals with high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. We included 27 trials, and 2731 individuals were under 8 exercise regimens. Stata12.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Heat pools significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 15.62 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: –23.83, –7.41), and cycling reduced SBP by 14.76 mmHg (–17.04, –12.48). Two to three types of aerobic exercise performed at the same time also significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 5.61 mmHg (–7.71, –3.52), and isometric handgrip training exercise reduced DBP by 5.57 mmHg (–7.48, –3.66). Cycling also significantly reduced heart rate (HR) by 9.57 beats/minute (–11.25, –7.90). Conclusions: The existing literature suggests that different types of exercise can effectively reduce the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.