Forensic odontology in sexual offences – A review based on decided cases

Abstract

Forensic odontology as a scientific tool, that aids the crime investigations, is believed to be providing indisputable, reliable and convincing evidence in the form of expert testimony and reports that the courts relies on to pronounce its judgements. It has aided the investigators and courts in various landmark judgements such as that of the Megan Kanka case, the Nirbhaya rape and murder case, the Lisa Levy case, etc. However, the field is being criticized of lacking in strengthened foundations, particularly in establishing reliability due to issues and conflicts existing within the field. While the bite mark analysis is a debatable topic, the other advantages offered by the forensic odontology such as the salivary DNA analysis, DNA extraction from the teeth, DNA derived from the saliva and mucosa and the DNA derived from the left overs on the bite marks are undeniable evidence that can aid the crime investigation and can form the basis for various judgements. This paper identifies the commendations and criticisms for and against the field of forensic odontology through the review of a few decided cases and proposes the measures to instilling faith and belief in the field of forensic odontology to aid the crime investigations and instil justice.