A Comprehensive CT Analysis of Multiple Skeletal Elements for Enhanced Precision in Forensic Stature Estimation

Abstract

Background: Stature estimation is crucial in forensic anthropology for victim identification. While long bones are traditionally used, exploring alternative skeletal elements could enhance accuracy and applicability in various forensic scenarios. Objective: To evaluate the potential of the femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, sacrum, and thoracolumbar vertebrae measurements in estimating stature using CT imaging. Methods: In this retrospective study, CT scans of 50 adult subjects were analysed. Measurements of long bones in the lower limb, pelvis, sacrum, and thoracolumbar vertebrae were obtained. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships between bone measurements and height. Simple linear regression analyses were performed for strongly correlated parameters. Results: Long bones of the lower extremity showed the strongest correlations with height (r > 0.7, p < 0.001), followed by thoracolumbar length (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). Pelvic and sacral measurements demonstrated moderate correlations. Regression equations derived from tibial measurements provided the most accurate height estimations, with an average deviation of less than 1 cm from actual height. Conclusion: This study confirms the reliability of the lower limb's long bones and the thoracolumbar vertebrae for stature estimation. While pelvic and sacral measurements showed potential, their utility appears limited compared to long bones. These findings provide population-specific formulae for stature estimation, enhancing the toolkit for forensic anthropologists in India.