Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on the tumor aggressiveness of renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

This retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components on tumor size, Fuhrman grade (FG), and tumor-node-metastasis stage in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Data from 151 patients who underwent surgery for RCC between January 2010 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria included blood test results, presence of chronic ailments, and body mass index. Tumor size, FG, and TNM stage were compared. The criteria for defining MS and statistical methods were used for the comparative investigation. Of the 151 patients operated for RCC in our clinic, the prevalence of MS, diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia, and obesity was 27.2%, 29.1%, 41.1%, 64.9%, and 27.2%, respectively. Tumor size was significantly larger, and FG and TNM stages were more advanced in patients with MS than in patients without MS (P = .046, P = .005, P = .030, respectively). The study revealed a statistically significant increase in tumor size associated with diabetes mellitus, HT, dyslipidemia (DysL), and obesity (P = .017, P = .007, P < .001, P = .005, respectively). The TNM stage was significantly higher in patients with HT, DysL, and obesity (P < .001, all of them). In patients undergoing surgery for RCC, MS, and its components showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor size. In addition, HT, DysL, and obesity were associated with a high TNM stage. These findings underscore the potential clinical relevance of addressing the metabolic factors in RCC management.