Real-time on-board estimation & optimal control of autonomous micro-satellite proximity operations

Abstract

CubeSat technology has advanced considerably in recent years, particularly in areas that could greatly contribute to Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO). Onboard, autonomous control algorithms for guidance and navigation, as well as high thrust propulsion subsystems and improved guidance/sensing technologies make 6U CubeSats very viable options for RPO missions. The presented research investigates the extent to which a 6U CubeSat can conduct RPO around a larger, non-cooperative Chief satellite using currently available CubeSat propulsion systems, real-time, onboard control algorithms, and realistic sensing technologies for relative orbit estimation. The study sought to build upon previously completed research at Virginia Tech with increased fidelity into the navigation analysis and the incorporation of relative orbit estimation. Once positioned at a desired location near the Chief, a 6U CubeSat can conduct the RPO mission for days, if not weeks, using the aforementioned technologies. The research strongly indicates that 6U CubeSats, using currently available systems, can be highly versatile options for RPO missions.