The Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Tinea Pedis among Occlusive-Foot Wearing Policemen in Osogbo, Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background and study aim : Tinea pedis is a common affliction of the feet that causes maceration, scaliness, pruritus, pain, and life quality impairment when untreated. TP affects individuals who wear occlusive footwear disproportionately. A case-control design was made to determine the frequency, risk factors, and implicated organisms among Policemen in Osogbo and compare with control. Patients and methods: 250 policemen and 250 non-uniform wearing control were recruited. Relevant clinical data and physical examination were documented. TP was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by culture. Results: The frequency of clinically (12.4% vs. 8.4%) and mycologically (9.6% vs. 6.8%) diagnosed TP were higher among Policemen than non-uniform wearing control. Interdigital TP was predominant, followed by the moccasin type. One to two interdigital spaces were frequently affected. Occlusive boots and socks wearing, prolonged use of socks, sharing of shower sponge, leather boot, sports participation, and farming (p<0.001) were significantly associated with TP in Policemen. Family history of atopy (p<0.001) and sharing socks (p=0.02) were significantly associated with TP in controls. In multivariate analysis, odds of mycological positive TP were significantly increased in male gender (OR = 6.479, 95% CI = 1.49-28.26, p=0.013), by farming or gardening (OR = 2.622, 95% CI = 2.54-15.11, p=0.009) and excessive sweating in feet or palm (OR = 6.197, 95% CI = 0.75-3.55, p<0.001). Conclusion: Tinea pedis remains a disease of public health importance among occlusive wearers. Determinants of TP include male gender, farming, and excessive sweating in palms and feet.