How I investigate monocytosis

Abstract

Monocytosis is a common finding that is caused by a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. The adequate evaluation of monocytosis involves the integration of laboratory data, morphology, clinical findings, and the judicious use of ancillary studies. We review the literature on monocytosis, including the 2017 revised 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. We present a review of monocytosis with practical guidelines on how to approach both routine and challenging cases.