Cubital tunnel syndrome

Abstract

Cubital tunnel syndrome is relatively common; therefore, it represents a significant public health problem. Unique course of the ulnar nerve along the arm, in respect to bone and soft tissue structures of the elbow, is what makes it very susceptible to external forces, especially compression. Worsening paraesthesia on the ulnar side of the fourth finger and the whole fifth finger including muscle weakness and muscle atrophy is causing disability, particularly in patients spending longperiods with a flexed elbow, limiting them in continuing their everyday activities. Therefore, early diagnosis, based on comprehensive anamnesis and detailed physical examination in addition to the use of specific tests elaborated in this article, is crucial. Electromyoneurography helps grade the level of ulnar nerve compression and monitor the treatment progress. Mild grade cubital tunnel syndrome has been successfully treated non-operatively. However, moderate and severe cases, as well as those cases which did not respond with improvement to non-operative treatment, should be treated surgically. Surgical techniques available for treating cubital tunnel syndrome are divided into ones that leave the ulnar nerve at its original site, like in situ decompression or medial epicondylectomy, and those who displace the ulnar nerve in front of the medial epicondyle, as during nerve transposition. This article depicts the critical stages of every technique, including comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Even though they all proved to be safe and effective, research has shown that in situ decompression is most widely and commonly used surgical technique for treating cubital tunnel syndrome.