Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra-Small Gold Nanoparticles in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide, [Emim][DCA]

Abstract

We report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long-term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2O) with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A three-stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters.