Guidance for the Design of Vibrotactile Patterns for Use on the Human Back

Abstract

In this paper, we present an overview of parameters that are of relevance for the perception of vibrotactile patterns on the back. These patterns are delivered via varying numbers of vibration motors fixed to the back rest of a chair, vests or belts. We present recent findings from the literature about vibrotactile anisotropy, timing, spacing, anchor points, resolution and intensity. From this overview, we derive recommendations that should be considered when designing a vibrotactile device for the back. The main recommendations are: 1) Use sequential stimulation for conveying spatial patterns; 2) Avoid tactors on the spine; 3) For a rectangular grid 4 × 4 tactors seems optimal; 4) Carefully consider relative horizontal and vertical spacing. We hope that this overview will raise awareness of several issues that play a role in perception and that our recommendations will provide guidance when designing vibrotactile communication devices.