Dynamics factors of Ukrainian economy innovative transformation: main points and specifics of influence

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis whether bioerosion is likely to increase on stressed coral reefs, using bioeroding sponges as a key group. A survey was conducted on the central Great Barrier Reef before and after two major bleaching events. While coral cover was slightly reduced, total bioeroding sponge abundances significantly increased from the first to the second survey (by 150%, p < 0.001). Aka mucosa became more common on the upper reef flat, and symbiotic bioeroding sponges proliferated on the lower reef flat and slope. Both groups are able to attack live coral. As typical after disturbance events, homogeneity of the sponge abundances was more pronounced after bleaching. Due to increased availability of settlement area and reduced space competition, we expect bioeroding sponge abundances and bioerosion rates to rise globally and would like to encourage more intensive field investigations on this group.