Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Ho Chi Minh City by Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI)

Abstract

One of the crucial tasks in determining the aquifer response and the current groundwater quality in Ho Chi Minh City is monitoring the quality of the groundwater. This study evaluates the groundwater quality in Ho Chi Minh City from August 2022 to February 2023 using monitoring data and groundwater quality index (GWQI) calculations compared to the Vietnamese standard. The sampling, processing, and handling procedures involve both laboratory and field measurements. The groundwater in Ho Chi Minh City is contaminated because it exceeds safety standards for factors like pH, Ammonia (NH4+), Coliform, Chloride (Cl-), Permanganate index, and Plumbum (Pb). To determine the possible impact on the water quality of the area, statistical analysis is performed to calculate the correlation coefficient of each parameter with GWQI and the linear link between various pairs of water quality parameters. It showed that Coliform significantly influenced the groundwater quality index. According to the GWQI calculated at 14 monitoring stations, the quality of the groundwater in February 2023 is higher than it was in August and November 2022. Maintaining the monitoring system is required to track and assess the groundwater progress as well as annually.