Impact on Voltage Quality and Transformer Aging of Residential Prosumer Ownership of Plug-In Electric Vehicles: Assessment and Solutions

Abstract

The effects of climate change have resulted in the increased deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), solar photovoltaics (PVs), and energy storage system penetration levels in the residential sector. The integration of these resources with accurate stochastic models is expected to affect the assessment of the electrical distribution system (EDS) assets. This study proposes a new framework for evaluating and enhancing voltage quality, distribution transformer (DT) overload, and aging, while considering residential prosumer ownership of PEVs. The proposed work develops a probabilistic power flow in order to investigate the impact of the stochastic nature of PEVs, PVs, and conventional load. In this work, the residential premises are modeled for supply through a detailed secondary distribution system, which is integrated as a part of the EDS. This article enhances the existing research through the inclusion of PEVspatial-temporal (SAT)-charging activities into the assessment models of DT overload and aging, voltage imbalance, and voltage deviation. The proposed framework provides a more realistic life expectancy for DTs compared with a simplified model in the literature. The results indicate that the use of the proposed SAT-based approach has reduced DT lifetime to 6.30 years from 7.92 years for the same PEV-penetration level.