Antidiabetic activities and identification of chemical compound from samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil)

Abstract

Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) is one of a pioneer indigenous fast growing species in Indonesia which have been used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The objectives were to determine the extract yield, to analyze their antidiabetic activity by inhibition assay for α-glucosidase enzyme activity and analysis chemical with GCMS. Extraction of leaves, bark and wood samples were done by using ethanol 95%. Fractionation the most active bark ethanol extract was conducted by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The yield of ethanol extracts in leaves, bark and wood were 13.90, 12.87, and 2.18% respectively. Based on antidiabetic activity assay, the bark ethanol extract was the most active extract by the IC50 value of 5.86 μg/mL. Phytochemical analysis on bark ethanol extracts showed that they contained flavonoid, quinone, triterpenoid, saponin, tannin and coumarin which were assumed have high contribution in antidiabetic activities. The result of fractionation ethanol extract bark showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction (IC50 6.82 μg/mL).GCMS analysis in ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presence of phenolic compounds such as antiarol, phenol and Scopoletin in which were estimated have antidiabetic activity. Isolation using column chromatography and identification of compounds from ethyl acetate fraction using NMR and LC-ESI-QT of afforded compound 1 Scopoletin which having antidiabetic activity with IC50 13.37 µg/mL. Until now there is no publication about antidiabetic activity of Scopoletin from Samama. These results indicate that the compound Scopoletin from ethyl acetate fraction Samama bark was a potential source of antidiabetic agents.