Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis Without Lung Involvement

Abstract

Endotracheal tuberculosis (ETTB) is an infrequent form of tuber- culosis whose major feature is the infection of the tracheobronchial tree by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case presents a 73-year- old man admitted to our hospital with fatigue, weakness, dry cough and weight loss. His chest X-ray was normal but the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed normal parenchyma images with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. There was inflammation of the tracheal wall and infiltrates in pavement epithelium; however, the tracheal biopsy for acid-fast bacilli was negative. He was finally diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial nee- dle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) of the lymph nodes. Four drugs were prescribed and symptoms improved. EBUS-TBNA contributed to prompt diagnosis. The patient was treated and evolved without com- plications, such as tracheal stenosis.