Multi-category image super-resolution with convolutional neural network and multi-task learning

Abstract

This paper presents an image super-resolution technique using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and multi-task learning for multiple image categories. The image categories include natural, manga, and text images. Their features differ from each other. However, several CNNs for super-resolution are trained with a single category. If the input image category is different from that of the training images, the performance of super-resolution is degraded. There are two possible solutions to manage multi-categories with conventional CNNs. The first involves the preparation of the CNNs for every category. This solution, however, requires a category classifier to select an appropriate CNN. The second is to learn all categories with a single CNN. In this solution, the CNN cannot optimize its internal behavior for each category. Therefore, this paper presents a super-resolution CNN architecture for multiple image categories. The proposed CNN has two parallel outputs for a high-resolution image and a category label. The main CNN for the high-resolution image is a normal three convolutional layer-architecture, and the sub neural network for the category label is branched out from its middle layer and consists of two fully-connected layers. This architecture can simultaneously learn the high-resolution image and its category using multi-task learning. The category information is used for optimizing the super-resolution. In an applied setting, the proposed CNN can automatically estimate the input image category and change the internal behavior. Experimental results of 2× image magnification have shown that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio for the proposed method is approximately 0.22 dB higher than that for the conventional super-resolution with no difference in processing time and parameters. We have ensured that the proposed method is useful when the input image category is varying.