Anemia in the Nursery: When to Observe, When to Treat, and When to Refer

Abstract

Anemia is an uncommon problem in the newborn nursery and may have serious consequences when it occurs. Using a case-based method and clinical questions that confront the practitioner, common presentations of hemolytic disease, intracranial hemorrhage, acute blood loss, and infectious causes of anemia are reviewed. The chapter includes reference ranges for red cell indices in newborns, a diagnostic algorithm, recommendations for initial laboratory assessment, and indications for red blood cell transfusion. Case examples highlight recommendations for observation, evaluation, treatment, and referral.