Systemic immune-inflammation index in germ-cell tumours

Abstract

Background: We evaluated systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and its association with patient outcome in germ-cell tumours (GCTs). Methods: Two independent cohorts of patients were analysed; the discovery set (n=171) from a single institution and the validation set (n=181) previously included in a study evaluating PD-L1 in GCTs. The SII was calculated using platelet (P), neutrophil (N) and lymphocyte (L) counts before chemotherapy and correlated with survival using regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In the discovery cohort, the SII was associated with poor risk clinical features. Patients with low SII had significantly longer progression-free survival (HR=0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.41, Po0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR=0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.32, Po0.001) compared to high SII. This index was independent of International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group criteria in multivariable Cox regression analysis for OS and was validated in an independent cohort. When combining PD-L1 expression on tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and SII, we identified three distinctive prognostic groups. Conclusions: High SII was associated with poor outcome in GCTs. Combination of PD-L1 positive TILs and SII could further refine prognosis in GCTs.