Shoutings, Scoldings, Gossip, and Whispers: Mothers' Responses to Armed Actors and Militarization in Two Caracas Barrios

Abstract

How do mothers deal with chronic violence and the constant presence of guns in their neighborhoods? How do they build situated meaning and discursive practices out of their experiences and relationships with armed actors? We compare the experiences of women in two poor and working-class neighborhoods in Caracas. Through this comparative ethnographic project, we aim to show how, in the midst of state-sponsored depredation and with an overwhelming presence of guns in their lives, women use their cultural roles as mothers to perform everyday forms of resistance vis-à-vis the different armed actors that impose their presence in the barrios. In the mothers' daily struggles, dramatic discursive actions - from more openly oppositional ones, such as shouting, scolding, and talking, to more hidden ones, such as both circulating gossip and captive gossip, to more vulnerable ones, such as whispering - are main resources in the micropolitics of their neighborhoods. Our findings suggest that strategies are context dependent and most likely vary according to numerous factors, including the history of civic organizing, policing practices, and the type of armed actor with whom they cohabitate in their neighborhood.