Role of Geothermal Energy in Sustainable Water Desalination—A Review on Current Status, Parameters, and Challenges

Abstract

The availability of fresh water in many parts of the world has been dwindling as a result of both climate change and population increase. The worldwide transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy sources is driven by the rising need for energy. As freshwater supplies dwindle worldwide, many desalination facilities will have to be built. One such energy source that is being investigated is geothermal energy. Conventional procedures are increasing in efficiency and decreasing in cost, while new desalination technologies are emerging. This article gives an outline of the global applications of geothermal energy. It offers a particular scenario for desalination using a geothermal source, which has the potential to be both energy- and pollution-free. Discussed in depth are the advantages of geothermal desalination over other methods, the current state of geothermal desalination across the world, the process of selecting desalination technologies, and the difficulties inherent in implementing desalination systems powered by geothermal sources.