Role of balance exercise dynamic stress in rehabilitation of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) patients often experience decreased cardiac performance, leading to exercise intolerance. Additionally, skeletal muscle changes such as reduced mass, density, fiber type alterations, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial function contribute to muscle dysfunction in HF. These functional impairments increase the risk of falls, particularly in elderly individuals. Balance impairment is a significant risk factor for falls in this population. Identifying balance impairments is crucial for developing fall prevention strategies and appropriate treatment programs for patients with Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Aim of the work: The aim of this prospective interventional study is to study the effects of computerized dynamic balance stress exercise training programs on postural balance and functional exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF. Results: On comparing assessment parameters before and after balance training exercise by Biodex dynamic balance system 2 times/week for 1 month, participants achieved significant improvements in gait speed (p < 0.001), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score (p < 0.001), and Timed up and go (TUG) (p < 0.001). Sample size calculation and adherence to ethical guidelines were ensured, confirming the robustness of the study design. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of incorporating balance exercises into rehabilitation programs for heart failure patients with reduced EF (ejection fraction). Targeted interventions addressing mobility and balance impairments can enhance overall physical function, reduce fall risk, and improve the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in heart failure management.