The Effectiveness of Botanical Pesticide as Antifungal on Chili (Capsicum annum L) Disease

Abstract

Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora capsici are a causative diseases in chili, they are causing damage up to 50%. Inorganic pesticides are commonly used to treat the diseases, but there are many impacts to plant and consumers of chili. As an alternative, botanical pesticide such as Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora capsici are developed massively, since they are good for consumer health. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of various botanical extract of Jatropha curcas, Toona sureni, Pangium edule, Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus L as natural antifungal against the Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora capsici. The results showed that the inhibition on colony development of Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora capsici tested was significant. Extract of P. edule inhibited of Colletotrichum sp. growth at 6 DAI up to 74.06% and P.capsici up to 24.03%. At the same times observation (6 DAI) C. citratus L extract inhibited up to 44.38% colony growth of Colletotrichum sp. and 86.82% colony of P. capsici. Extract of Syzygium aromaticum showed the perfect inhibition (100%) on mycelial growth for P. capsici and 91.71% for Colletotrichum sp. Whereas, J. Curcas and T. sureni extract showed insignificant effect for all fungal pathogen. We are presumed that it because the bioactive compound of the extract. In this research we found that the main compounds of S. aromaticum is eugenol up to 70.97% that we know as antimicrobial.