Benefits and impact of joint metric of AOA/RSS/TOF on indoor localization error

Abstract

The emerging techniques in the Fifth Generation (5G) communication system, like the millimeter-Wave (mmWave) and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), make it possible to measure the Angle-Of-arrival (AOA), Receive Signal Strength (RSS) and Time-Of-flight (TOF) by using various types of mobile devices. At the same time, there is always significant interest in the high-precision localization techniques based on the joint metric of AOA/RSS/TOF, which enable one to overcome the drawback of the single metric-based localization. Motivated by this concern, we rely on the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) to analyze the localization errors of RSS/AOA, RSS/TOF, AOA/TOF and the Joint Metric of AOA/RSS/TOF (JMART)-based localization. The error bounds derived in this paper can be selected as the benchmarking results to evaluate the indoor localization performance. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to support our claim.