Assessing the Impact of Land Use Change on Hydrology and Vegetation Health in Okole Wetland, Lira City Using NDWI and NDVI

Abstract

The study examines the land use changes in the Okole wetland between 2010 and 2020, assessing their impact on flora, productivity, and vegetation health. Three satellite photos were used to calculate NDVI and NDWI, with kappa coefficients of 88.4%, 85.96%, and 86% respectively. The primary land use and land cover categories were built-up areas, sparse forest, open water, thick forest, permanent swamp, and seasonal swamp. Grasslands and agricultural landscapes were also present. The study found a decline in woods (6.7%), grasslands (9.5%), open water (1.3%), and permanent swamps (6.7%), while a rise in seasonal swamps (13.2%), agricultural land (5.5%), and built-up areas (5.5%). The study concludes that improving knowledge and compliance with land use changes in wetlands is crucial to prevent ecosystem degradation and maintain natural water supply equilibrium. Keywords: Land use change; Wetland hydrology; Vegetation health; NDWI; NDVI