Cardiovascular risk stratification in liver transplant patients: Balancing clinical outcomes and resource allocation

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of both short-term and long-term complications in patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in this population is linked to lower overall survival rates with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events during and after the procedure. However, while guidelines for CVR stratification exist, their clinical application remains inconsistent. A significant challenge is the high cost of comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, which often involves advanced diagnostic tests, imaging, and multidisciplinary specialist consultations. This issue is especially challenging in public healthcare systems, where the financial burden of thorough cardiovascular examinations can stretch already limited resources. Given the increasing pressures on healthcare sustainability, it is essential to balance careful cardiovascular screening with the efficient use of resources. The rising costs highlight the need for evidence-based updates to practices that optimize patient outcomes while reducing the strain on the healthcare system. Tailored approaches should focus on both managing cardiovascular issues and considering the economic impact. Considering these challenges, adaptable protocols are needed to improve transplantation safety and efficacy while addressing the financial realities of public health systems and minimizing unnecessary costs.