Early consideration of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in unexplained encephalopathy

Abstract

With the identification of anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) antibody, the spectrum of anti-NMDAR encephalitis has been expanding. The condition is also increasingly recognised in children, though younger patients are less likely to have tumours, while behavioural and speech problems, seizures, and abnormal movements are common early presenting features. Here we present yet another case with subtle, non-specific clinical symptoms that responded promptly to intravenous immunoglobulin. We believe this illustrates the importance of considering this uncommon differential diagnosis in the management of unexplained neurological conditions.