Demand Side Management to Minimize Peak-to-Average Ratio in Smart Grid

Abstract

In this paper, a demand side management (DSM) technique for minimizing the peak load of the electric grid is proposed. The grid optimization problem is formulated and analyzed to find the optimized strategies. A smart power system with multi-residential end-users connected to a single energy source is considered. The end-users attempt to minimize peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of the electric grid by using energy scheduler (ES) as well as their energy production and storage strategies. Some end-users posses renewable energy sources (RESs), distribution generators (DGs), storage devices or both. Users charge their storage devices at low-demand periods and discharge them at high-demand periods. Likewise, end-users produces electricity during the peak hours to minimize their energy cost.