Epilepsy Secondary to Parasitic Zoonoses of the Brain

Abstract

In spite of natural disaster like the one we are seeing today in Japan (March 20, 2011) where thousand of peoples died due to earthquake and tsunami and some food are contaminated by radioactivity , and other disasters caused by human beings by different modalities of war like the one we are seeing today at the North of Africa plus different modalities of terrorism, destruction of their environment and so forth; world population continues to grow and there has been ever increasing need to develop and maintain food products with a high protein content (particularly livestock and fish) under intensive farming situations, which is inevitably leading to a greater spread of animal diseases and their transmission to humans (McCarthy & Moore 2000; Keiser & Utzinger 2005). Improved diagnosis and/or recognition of neglected human infections can account for some diseases apparently emerging or re-emerging in recent times (e.g. Human fascioliasis). Climate change has also been suggested as a cause for disease spread and is a concern for the future (McCarthy & Moore 2000); thousand of wild or domestic animals are becoming sick and birds that usually migrate from one continent to another one they don’t do it today. It will bring serious consequences to humans being by the increment of the number of infectious disease is transmitted from animals to humans (known by zoonotic diseases). Zoonotic infectious agents are among the most prevalent on earth and are thought to be responsible for more than 60 per cent of all human infections and 75 per cent of emerging human infectious diseases (Cunningham 2005). The success and widespread epidemiology of these infections can be attributed to a range of human factors including social and dietary changes as well as an increased mobility of the human population (McCarthy & Moore 2000; Vorou et al. 2007). Some zoonotic diseases are grouped as neglected tropical diseases (NTD) which are uncommonly recognized or diagnosed in developed countries; are less well understood than more common infections due to a of lack of research interest and/or insufficient funding; and, lastly, remain mysterious or unknown to health care providers because of minimal or no instruction regarding the diseases during medical students training. However, certain food-borne trematode infections in particular remain "neglected" NTD, according to the World Health Organization. These include clonorchiasis (Chinese liver fluke disease), fascioliasis (sheep liver fluke disease), opisthorchiasis (fish liver fluke disease), and paragonimiasis (lung fluke disease). These diseases most often significantly