Efficient metal free organic radical scintillators

Abstract

The development of high-performance metal-free organic X-ray scintillators (OXSTs), characterized by a synergistic combination of robust X-ray absorption, efficient exciton utilization, and short luminescence lifetimes, poses a considerable challenge. Here we present an effective strategy for achieving augmented X-ray scintillation through the utilization of halogenated open-shell organic radical scintillators. Our experimental results demonstrate that the synthesized scintillators exhibit strong X-ray absorption derived from halogen atoms, display efficacious X-ray stability, and theoretically achieve 100% exciton utilization efficiency with a short lifetime (∼18 ns) due to spin-allowed doublet transitions. The superior X-ray scintillation performance exhibited by these organic radicals is not only exploitable in X-ray radiography for contrast imaging of various objects but also applicable in a medical high-resolution micro-computer-tomography system for the clear visualization of fibrous veins within a bamboo stick. Our study substantiates the promise of organic radicals as prospective candidates for OXSTs, offering valuable insights and a roadmap for the development of advanced organic radical scintillators geared towards achieving high-quality X-ray radiography.