Structural determinants governing β-arrestin2 interaction with PDZ proteins and recruitment to CRFR1

Abstract

β-Arrestins are multifunctional adaptor proteins best know for their vital role in regulating G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) trafficking and signaling. β-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor internalization of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1), a GPCR whose antagonists have been shown to demonstrate both anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, have previously been shown to be modulated by PDZ proteins. Thus, a structural characterization of the interaction between β-arrestins and PDZ proteins can delineate potential mechanism of PDZ-dependent regulation of GPCR trafficking. Here, we find that the PDZ proteins PSD-95, MAGI1, and PDZK1 interact with β-arrestin2 in a PDZ domain-dependent manner. Further investigation of such interaction using mutational analyses revealed that mutating the alanine residue at 175 residue of β-arrestin2 to phenylalanine impairs interaction with PSD-95. Additionally, A175F mutant of β-arrestin2 shows decreased CRF-stimulated recruitment to CRFR1 and reduced receptor internalization. Thus, our findings show that the interaction between β-arrestins and PDZ proteins is key for CRFR1 trafficking and may be targeted to mitigate impaired CRFR1 signaling in mental and psychiatric disorders.