Gelation and luminescence of lanthanide hydrogels formed with deuterium oxide

Abstract

Gel formations and efficient lanthanide luminescence appeared in deuterium oxide (D 2 O) medium instead of light water (H 2 O), and their solvation possibilities by using luminescence lifetimes were discussed. The lanthanide ions in the hydrogel of 1 obtained by H 2 O (abbreviated as H 2 O-Ln1; Ln = Eu, Tb, and Gd) in our previous report act as the coupling part between neighbor molecules for the bundle structure. Here, D 2 O also acts as a medium to form the lanthanide-hydrogel of 1, and increases intensities of luminescence for Tb, because a soft crystalline state reducing resonance thermal relaxation is realized. The gel-formation and luminescence band positions of Ln1 in D 2 O corresponded to those in H 2 O. From the observation of luminescence lifetimes in H 2 O and D 2 O, the number of coordinating water molecules on Eu and Tb were estimated to be around 3 or 4 for both. The luminescence intensity of Eu1 did not increase even in D 2 O, due to a blue shift of the excited triplet state of 1, as compared to that in H 2 O.